Occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. Elimination of abnormal occlusal forces also plays vital role.Plaque control and proper oral hygiene is primary with regard to control of inflammation.Trauma from occlusion doesn’t cause gingival inflammation but can modify the spread of inflammation into underlying connective tissue.However, no conclusive evidence obtained so far. Abnormal occlusal forces and their relation with periodontal disease is widely studied.Reduction of tooth mobility may enhance the effect of periodontal therapy. There is no credible evidence to support the existence of abfraction or implicate it as a cause of gingival recession. Occlusal trauma does not initiate periodontitis, and there is weak evidence that it alters the progression of the disease. A periodontally compromised tooth is not indicated for orthodontic movement Tooth movement shall eliminate the abnormal occlusal forces. Teeth with poor prognosis are indicated for extraction. Reduces mobility and converts mobile teeth to a single unit which is expected to withstand occlusal forces better than individual tooth It also helps in relaxation of masticatory muscles

Night guards are used to treat night grinding of the teeth Bruxism can cause significant injury to the periodontium Occlusal adjustment - Reshaping of the occlusal/incisal surfaces of the teeth/tooth or coronoplasty involves selective grinding of teeth for harmonious relationship

Thickening of the lamina dura along the lateral aspect of the root in the apical region and in the bifurcation.

Increased width of periodontal ligament space.

Clinical Features of Trauma from Occlusion This reduces the periodontal attachment area and alters the leverage on the remaining tissues. Secondary trauma from occlusion – Occurs when the adaptive capacity of the tissues to withstand occlusal forces is impaired by bone loss resulting from marginal inflammation.

Insertion of a prosthetic replacement that creates excessive forces on abutment and antagonistic teeth.

Primary trauma from occlusion – When trauma from occlusion is the result of alterations in occlusal forces, it is called “primary trauma from occlusion.”

- combined with parafunctional habits such as bruxism and clenching.

- gradual changes in occlusion produced by tooth wear.

More common and has more clinical significance.

Acute trauma results in tooth pain, sensitivity to percussion, and increased tooth mobility.

Restorations or prosthetic appliances that interfere with or alter the direction of occlusal forces on the teeth.

Results from an abrupt occlusal impact, such as that produced by biting on a hard object.

Others: food impaction, overhanging restorations, ill fitting FPDs, poorly contoured restoration.

Morphological characteristics of the roots.

Orientation of the long axis of the tooth in relation to the occlusal forces.

Secondary occlusal trauma is injury resulting in tissue changes from normal or excessive occlusal forces applied to a tooth or teeth with reduced periodontal support.Įtiology/ Causes of Trauma from Occlusion.

Primary occlusal trauma is injury resulting in tissue changes from excessive occlusal forces applied to a tooth or teeth with normal periodontal support.

Occlusal trauma is a term used to describe injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus, including periodontal ligament, supporting alveolar bone and cementum, as a result of occlusal force(s).

Excessive occlusal force is defined as occlusal force that exceeds the reparative capacity of the periodontal attachment apparatus, which results in occlusal trauma and/or causes excessive tooth wear (loss).

The resultant injury is termed trauma from occlusion.Ĭase definitions - updates from recent literature Also known in short as TFO occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of tissues, tissue injury results.

Signs of occlusal trauma